《哈姆雷特》词汇表 Glossary

[1]Hamlet ['hæmlit]：哈姆莱特。

[2]Gertrude ['ɡə:tru:d]：葛楚德。

[3]Claudius ['klɔ:djəs]：克劳狄斯。

[4]no ways = in no respect; not at all.

[5]privately = secretly.

[6]made away with = murdered.

[7]with the view of = with the intention of.

[8]to the exclusion of = so as to exclude. to 表示结果。

[9]unadvised = indiscreet; thoughtless.

[10]nice = delicate.

[11]most exquisite = very careful.

[12]propriety = correctness of morals.

[13]did sorely take to heart = was deeply grieved at. sorely = severely.

[14]insomuch that = to such a degree or extent that.

[15]between grief … and shame … marriage: owing partly to grief … and partly to shame …marriage.

[16]forsook（forsake）= went away from; left.

[17]proper to his youth = suitable for young men of his age.

[18]choked = stifl ed.

[19]Not that = One must not suppose that.

[20]galled = annoyed; vexed; irritated.

[21]to = of.

[22]made much more so = made much more inproper and unlawful. made 与前文中的 marriage 相关联。

[23]This it was, which = It was this which.

[24]dashed = depressed; shattered（to pieces）.

[25]which mode of dress he had never laid aside：which … dress 是 laid aside 的宾语。which指前文 a suit of deep black。

[26]given out = announced.

[27]was privy to = had private knowledge of.

[28]it came to pass = it came about; it happened. 这里的 pass 是名词，a state or condition 之意。

[29]harassed = troubled.

[30]distracted = disturbed.

[31]Horatio [hɔ'reiʃiəu]：霍拉旭。

[32]that it came …twelve：that … twelve以及下面的 that it …pale, that its beard …grisly 和 that it … it，均为名词从句，是前文 the time and manner of its appearance 的同位语。

[33]grisly = grizzly（= greyish）.

[34]addressed itself to motion = prepared itself to move its lips.

[35]the morning cock crew：古代人相信，天明鸡叫时鬼就逃走。

[36]appearance：幽灵（= ghost）。

[37]for nothing = without reason.

[38]stand = position.

[39]Marcellus[mɑ:'seləs]：马西勒斯。

[40]raw = damp and chilly.

[41]nipping = biting (with cold).

[42]their companion：指Marcellus。

[43]fell into = began.

[44]broken off = brought to an end; (suddenly) stopped.

[45]heavenly ministers：守护神（= messengers from heaven; spirits）。

[46]in all respects = in all points.

[47]could not help addressing = could not but address.

[48]conjured = called upon solemnly.

[49]bestowed = placed.

[50]besought = entreated. besought 是 beseech 的过去式及过去分词。

[51]dissuaded … from = advised to refrain … from.

[52]counsels = advice.

[53]cared too … fear = cared so little about life that he did not fear.

[54]that：指 his soul。

[55]immortal as itself = deathless like the spirit itself.

[56]but too much = very much. but too = only too = extremely.

[57]has such an antipathy to = is so incompatible to，意即 is so fatal to。

[58]baking up = drying and hardening.

[59]adjured = commanded solemnly; requested earnestly.

[60]if he did … love = if he ever loved his dear father. 这里为了强调 love，把它移到句末。

[61]so … virtue, as：so 与as 相关联。

[62]by no means = never.

[63]act = do; use.

[64]took up a solemn resolution = made a solemn resolution; solemnly resolved.

[65]nothing live = nothing should live.

[66]unhinged his mind = deranged his reason; caused him to lose his reason.

[67]drove him beside his reason = drove or made him mad.

[68]subject him to observation = caused him to be watched.

[69]counterfeit = simulate; pretend.

[70]apparel = dress.

[71]object = object of his love.

[72]way = state; condition.

[73]Ophelia [ɔ'fi :ljə]：奥菲利娅。

[74]Polonius[pə'ləunjəs]：波洛涅斯。

[75]tenders = offers.

[76]importuned her …fashion = made urgent proposals of honourable love to her.

[77]latterly = lately.

[78]counterfeiting = pretending.

[79]observant of her = kind to her; attentive to her.

[80]impaired as they were … = though they were impaired or made worse …

[81]suit with = agree with.

[82]admit of the society of: admit of = have room for. society = company.

[83]it could not hinder but that = it could not prevent that.

[84]come = appear; rise.

[85]extravagant = exaggerated. 后文extravagant phrases 亦同。

[86]good beauties：good的意思很轻，表示赞赏。beauties = charm; excellence.

[87]wildness = madness.

[88]to both their honours = to the honour of both of them. to 表示结果。

[89]so = in that manner.

[90]still = always; constantly.

[91]compass = bring about.

[92]no easy matter = a hard matter.

[93]Or if it had been = Or if it had been an easy matter.

[94]remorse = pity.

[95]kept him from = prevented him from.

[96]extremities = extreme measures. 通常用复数。

[97]he had heard：是插入语。

[98]take advantage of = make use of.

[99]there came … players = certain players came to the court.

[100]old Priam ['priəm], King of Troy [trɔi]：特洛伊的国王老普里阿摩。特洛伊是小亚细亚西北部的古城。荷马在史诗《伊利亚特》中叙述，特洛伊被希腊军队围攻十年后城破，国王普里阿摩被杀。

[101]Hecuba ['hekjubə]：赫卡柏。

[102]did = repeated.

[103]setting forth = stating in detail; expounding.

[104]poor clout [klaut]= rag. clout = piece of cloth or linen.

[105]that：与前文 in so lively a manner 的 so 相关联，形成 so … that 的句型。但因中间插进了以 setting forth the … 开始的现在分词短语，以及其后的介词短语等修饰语，作者怕因果关系搞不清，故在下文中又补了一句 so lively was it represented。

[106]put Hamlet upon thinking = incited Hamlet to think.

[107]cue = hint.

[108]represented to the life = acted in a lifelike manner.

[109]narrowly = closely.

[110]gather … if = conclude … whether.

[111]To this effect = For this purpose.

[112]Vienna [vi'enə]：维也纳。

[113]Gonzago['ɡɔn'zɑ:ɡəu]：贡扎古。

[114]one Lucianus ['lu:'sianəs]：有个叫琉西安纳斯的。此处 one 是 certain 的意思。

[115]estate：田产。

[116]protestations = assertions; declarations.

[117]outlive = live longer than.

[118]accursed [ə'kə:sid]= doomed. 只用作被动式。古语。

[119]but = except.

[120]wormwood：苦艾（植物），转义为bitterness; source of bitter mortification。

[121]to sit out the rest of the play = stay to the end of the play.

[122]on a sudden = suddenly.

[123]given over = abandoned; stopped.

[124]satisfi ed = convinced.

[125]scruple = uncertainty.

[126]now he was = now that he was; since he was.

[127]his father’s murderer：注意这里 father’s用的是被动所有格（objective genitive）。反之，如 the King’s death 则称主动所有格（subjective genitive）。murderer是 uncle 的补语。

[128]closet = private chamber.

[129]signify to = tell.

[130]partial = biased favour of one side.

[131]which it might much import the king to know = which might be very important for the king to know. which 是 know的宾语。it 是形式主语，主语是 to know。

[132]plant himself = take up a position.

[133]crooked maxims = dishonest principles.

[134]tax = reproach; blame; accuse.

[135]roundest = most candid; most outspoken.

[136]had given great offence to = had greatly offended.

[137]no better than = just the same as; merely.

[138]but = only.

[139]idle = groundless; foolish.

[140]As good as the question deserved = It is an answer as good as the question deserved.

[141]that can speak = who have authority to speak.

[142]now = now that; seeing that.

[143]fearful lest = fearful that.

[144]it was the king himself there concealed = it was the king himself that was concealed there.

[145]as = as if.

[146]offi cious = meddlesome.

[147]Oh me! = Ah me! = Dear me!

[148]leave off = stop; cease.

[149]He was now in the humour to = He was now inclined to; He now felt an inclination to.

[150]have leave to = be permitted to. leave = permission.

[151]so as = if; provided that.

[152]meant = intended.

[153]upbraiding = scolding; reproaching.

[154]heinousness['heinəsnis]= evil; hatefulness; wickedness.

[155]so forgetful of …as … to: so 与 as … to相关联。

[156]reputed murderer：被认为是凶手的人。

[157]such an act：指前文in so short … murderer。

[158]as … was enough to make … all virtue to be accounted hypocrisy：

（a）as … was … make是定语从句，修饰act；（b）suspected是 vows 的补语。to be … hypocrisy 是virtue 的补语。make除宾语外，还需要宾语补语。accounted =considered.

[159]gamesters’ oaths =gamblers’ promises not

meant to be kept.

[160]religion = marriage ceremony in the church.

[161]Jupiter ['dʒu:pitə]：朱庇特，罗马神话中最高的神。

[162]Mars [mɑ:z]：罗马神话中的战神。

[163]like to Mercury['mə:kjuri]：像传信神。like to = like.

[164]alighted = come to earth from the air.

[165]in his stead = instead of him.

[166]blasted = blighted; destroyed.

[167]sore = exceedingly; severely; grievously.

[168]deformed = ugly.

[169]asked what it would have：what it would have 是 asked 的宾语，如作问句，助动词应置主语前，例：What would you have? =What do you want with me?

[170]she was in = in which she was.

[171]else = otherwise（= if he did not speak to her）.

[172]temperately = calmly; moderately.

[173]begged of her … to = entreated her … to.

[174]he would ask a blessing of her = he would ask of her a blessing. 莎士比亚原剧第三幕第四场中，此处作：I’ll blessing beg of you. 我得求您祝福我。

[175]drew apart = drew aside.

[176]pretence = pretext.

[177]doted upon：溺爱（= was passionately fond of）。

[178]account for = answer for, be punished for.

[179]on board：是复合介词。

[180]there：指 in the letters。

[181]suspecting = thinking likely.

[182]in the stead of it = instead of it.

[183]which：指 the seafight。

[184]bore away = sailed away.

[185]made the best of their way = went as fast as they could.

[186]charged with = carrying by command.

[187]turn = service.

[188]the fi rst thing：名词作副词用，前面省略了 as。例：I shall do it the first thing. 我首先要办这件事。

[189]The wits … had begun to turn = The wits … had begun to go mad. wits =

mental faculties.

[190]violent death = death resulting from external force or from poison. 与 natural death 相对。

[191]would：表示过去的习惯。

[192]a bough broke，and precipitated：bough是 precipitated 的主语。precipitated = threwdown headlong.

[193]natural to that element：这里的element 指水。莎士比亚原剧第四幕第七场中作：like a creature native and indued / Unto that element. 好像她本来就是生长在水中一般。

[194]Laertes [lei'ə:ti:z]：雷欧提斯。

[195]imported = meant.

[196]stood on one side = stood aside.

[197]Sweets to the sweet! = Sweet fl owers to the sweet maid!

[198]I thought …strewed：to have decked和 to have strewed 均为不定式动词完成式（perfect infi nitive），表示过去的愿望未能实现。

[199]all = quite; entirely.

[200]transport = strong emotion.

[201]discovering himself = revealing himself.

[202]all as frantic = entirely as frantic as Laertes.

[203]brave = challenge; defy.

[204]outgo = surpass; excel; outdo.

[205]out of = by use of.

[206]set on = instigated; incited.

[207]foil = a kind of small sword with a blunt edge used in fencing.

[208]suffered = allowed.

[209]dissembling = pretending.

[210]magnifi ed and extolled = praised highly.

[211]beyond measure = excessively.

[212]the issue = the result; the outcome (of the match).

[213]passes：回合（= thrusts; lunges in fencing）。

[214]growing warm = becoming excited; getting excited.

[215]innocent = harmless.

[216]home = effectively; completely; fully.

[217]In this instant = At this instant.

[218]inadvertently = heedlessly; inattentively; accidentally.

[219]drunk out of：此处的 of 指 a part of。

[220]in case, that：此处的 that 在现代英语中，一般是省略的。

[221]to make sure of Hamlet = to secure Hamlet’s death.

[222]it：指 treachery。

[223]draw near = approach.

[224]turned upon = faced hostilely; attacked.

[225]false = treacherous.

[226]his：指 Hamlet 的父亲。

[227]motion = gesture.

[228]cracked = failed; broke down.

[229]commended = entrusted.

[230]proved = turned out to be.

[231]royal = kingly.