《麦克白》词汇表 Glossary

[1]Macbeth [mak'beθ]：麦克白，1040—1057年间苏格兰国王。

[2]Duncan ['dʌŋkən]：邓肯，1034—1040 年间苏格兰国王。

[3]reigned king of Scotland = reigned as king of Scotland. (as) king of Scotland 是状语，修饰reigned。

[4]thane [θein]：在战场上立过功，因而受封为采邑的领主。

[5]or lord = that is lord. 例：an English pound or twenty shillings 一英镑即二十先令。

[6]in great esteem = was in great esteem.

[7]conduct = command; leadership.

[8]an example of which … numbers：定语从句，修饰前面的 valour and conduct。

[9]Banquo ['bæŋkwəu]：班柯。

[10]wild = fantastic; grotesque.

[11]attire = dress.

[12]addressed = spoke to.

[13]each one：插入语，意思是各自，作状语用，说明各自的动作。因此主语虽然是they（多数），后面却用 her（单数宾格）。

[14]chappy = chapped.

[15]skinny = very thin.

[16]Glamis [ɡlɑ:mz]：葛莱密斯。

[17]but how much more =but how much more was he startled.

[18]Cawdor ['kɔ:də]：考特。

[19]bid = saluted.

[20]king that shalt be hereafter：未来的国王。shalt = shall. hereafter = in future. 主语是 that，即 king。但此系直接引语，与thou 这个称呼同样处理，故用 shalt。thou shalt 含有“一定”的意思。

[21]might well：自然会；很可能。例：You may well say so. 你自然会这么说。

[22]lesser：是双重比较级。less（little 的比较级）+ er（形成比较级的词尾），即“身份低”的意思。

[23]weird [wiəd]sisters：神话中掌握人类命运的三女神 Nona、Decuma和Morta。在此剧中，指 witches。

[24]adventure = unexpected incident.

[25]empowered = given authority.

[26]confer upon = give.

[27]prediction = prophecy.

[28]wrapped in = engrossed in.

[29]come to pass = realized.

[30]enkindle = kindle; excite.

[31]oftentimes = often. often + times. 古语。

[32]ministers of darkness：恶魔的使者，指女巫。恶魔（Satan）是prince of darkness。

[33]betray = deceive; mislead.

[34]consequence = importance.

[35]sunk too deep into the mind：留下的印象太深刻了。

[36]attend to = pay attention to.

[37]bent = directed.

[38]compass：夺取（= seize; obtain）。

[39]partial accomplishment：指麦克白被封为 thane of Cawdor。

[40]so as = provided that; if only.

[41]cared not = did not care; did not mind.

[42]compunction = uneasiness of conscience.

[43]represent = describe.

[44]flattering prophecy = pleasing prediction.

[45]terms = relations.

[46]Malcolm['mælkəm]：马尔康。

[47]Donalbain['dɔnəlbein]：道纳本。

[48]the more：the（副词）= by that amount; in that degree.

[49]sweet = pure.

[50]appeared = was made clear.

[51]martlet, or swallow：marlet：欧洲燕。or swallow：也就是燕子。

[52]jutting = projecting.

[53]advantage = convenience.

[54]breed = have birth.

[55]haunt = go in numbers.

[56]observed = remarked.

[57]well-pleased … and not less so：so 指 wellpleased。

[58]attentions = acts of courtesy indicating regard.

[59]art = craft; cunning.

[60]abuse = deceive; mislead. 古语。

[61]abroad = out of doors.

[62]but that = unless.

[63]the milk of human kindness：人类的善良天性（= the weakness of ordinary human nature）。莎士比亚原剧第一幕第五场中作：It is too full o’ th’milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way. 它充满了太多的人情的乳臭，使你不敢采取最近的捷径。（o'= of；th' = the。）that it was too full of the milk of human kindness 和前面的 husband’s nature均为 feared 的宾语。see、hear、fear 等感觉动词后面有这种句子结构，多见于《圣经》，现在很少这么用。例：《旧约·创世记》第一章第四节：God saw the light, that it was good. 上帝看到光，光是好的。

[64]withal = as well.

[65]that height of crime which：which 指名词短语 the height of crime，意思是

murder。

[66]inordinate = extravagant; excessive.

[67]won = persuaded.

[68]come between = stand between.

[69]defeat = frustrate; thwart.

[70]ply … with = supply pressingly.

[71]careless of their charge：有失职守，指没有保卫国王。

[72]proceed = go on.

[73]whose duty … it was to shut … murderers： whose duty 是 was 的补语。it 指 to shut … murderers。

[74]clear of = free from.

[75]care = object of care.

[76]their subjects doubly bound to = subjects are doubly bound to.

[77]stood high in the opinion of all sorts of men：stood high in the opinion of = was highly estimated by. opinion = estimation. 莎士比亚原剧第一幕第七场中作：I have bought / Golden opinions from all sorts of people. 我也好容易从各种人的嘴里博到了无上的美誉。

[78]confl icts of the mind：内心的矛盾。

[79]the better part：指善心。

[80]infused … into = poured/instilled … into.

[81]assigning = discovering.

[82]all their nights and days to come sovereign sway and royalty：to come是不定式动词，放在名词后面，意思是未来。例：for a year to come 今后一年内；in time(s) to come = in the years to come 未来的岁月；the world to come来世。sway = govern; rule.

[83]given suck = suckled.

[84]tender = exciting kind feelings.

[85]milked her = drew milk from her; obtained milk from her by sucking. milk作吮奶、吃奶解释时，通常用过去式。现代英语中，milk 作为动词有出奶、喂奶

的意思。例：This cow milks well/heavily. 这头母牛奶水出得多。

[86]it = the babe. 泛指婴儿 或性别不清楚时，代词一般用 it。

[87]dashed … out =

knocked … out.

[88]so sworn to do it, as：so 与 as 相关联。

[89]stole = went stealthily; moved secretly.

[90]had in hand = was undertaking.

[91]whom = the king.

[92]despatched (= dispatched) = killed; put to death.

[93]Amen：但愿是这样（= so be it）。基督教徒祷告时的结束语。希伯来语。

[94]addressed themselves = prepared themselves. 现代英语中已不这么用，但以下的用法还很普遍（= apply oneself; direct one’s skill or energies to some work

or object）。例：You must address yourself to the task. 你必须致力于这项任务。

[95]stuck = remain attached by adhesion. 例：Glue had stuck to his fi ngers. 胶粘在他的手指上。This stamp won't stick.邮票粘不住。

[96]He came in … she = He came in such a distracted state that she.

[97]it：指谋杀 Duncan。

[98]smeared = stained.

[99]strong = convincing.

[100]inducements = motives.

[101]Though placed so high = Though they were placed so high.

[102]The thought of this, and that they had defiled … so rankled within them：（a）

defiled = made dirty. rankled = caused recurrent pangs；（b）The thought of this 是名词短语，作 rankled 的主语用；（c）that they … the throne 是名词从句，系this 的同位语。

[103]to make void the … sisters：to make void 是不定式动词短语。void = ineffectual，作宾词的补语。一般结构为make + 宾词 + 宾词补语。但此处因宾语太长（the predictions … sisters），故将宾词补语提前。

[104]brought to pass = realized.

[105]Fleance ['fl i:əns]：弗里恩斯。

[106]beset = was occupied with and made impassable.

[107]James [dʒeimz] the Sixth：詹姆士六世（1566—1625）是苏格兰国王，1603年伊丽莎白女王死后他加冕成为英格兰国王，叫詹姆士一世。

[108]affable = sociable.

[109]royal = noble; majestic.

[110]attention = act of kindness.

[111]conciliated = won the friendship of; gained goodwill of.

[112]but = only.

[113]one = a man.

[114]unmanned = deprived of courage; made timid.

[115]took it for = considered it to be; supposed that it was. 这里和下文 that it was 的 it 均指 Macbeth那副样子。

[116]distraction = madness.

[117]the same fancy which：这里的 which，现在一般用 as。

[118]disclosed = made known; revealed.

[119]dismissed the guests = directed the guests to disperse.

[120]disorder = bodily ailment; illness.

[121]To such dreadful fancies Macbeth was subject = Macbeth was subjected to such dreadful fancies. subject to = likely to have; liable to. 强调句型。

[122]not more than：不下于。例：The Gospel is not more true than what I tell you. 我告诉你的话真实得不下于福音书。

[123]looked upon = regarded.

[124]engaged in preparing：busy、engaged、employed 等形容词及动词分词后面须加 in，再接动名词（preparing）。但在there’s no good、there’s no use 后面，一般可不加 in。例：There’s no good reading such stories. 读这样的故事没好处。

[125]conjured ['kʌndʒəd] up = raised; compelled a spirit to appear by using magic.

[126]futurity = future event or events.

[127]Their horrid ingredients：符咒中可怕的成分。their 指charms（符咒）。

[128]nightowl：owl（猫头鹰）是夜鸟，故用night 来修饰。

[129]the maw of the ravenous salt-sea shark：maw = stomach. salt-sea作为定语修饰 shark。其中 salt 是名词，作为定语来修饰 sea。

[130]digged = dug. 古语。

[131]slips = twigs.

[132]young = offspring (of animals).

[133]sweaten (= sweated) = emitted.

[134]gibbet = gallows.

[135]bound = forced; obliged.

[136]It was demanded of Macbeth, whether he … spirits：It 是形式上的主语。whether he … spirits 是实际上的主语。demand = ask authoritatively.

[137]nothing daunted = not at all overcome with fear.

[138]in the likeness of = in the form/shape of; in the external appearance of. 例：an enemy in the likeness of a friend 貌似朋友的敌人。

[139]Fife [faif]：费辅。

[140]entertained = held in mind; cherished.

[141]Macduff [mək'dʌf]：麦克德夫。

[142]laugh to scorn = treat as ridiculous. 旧式用语或雅语。

[143]none of woman born = none born of woman.

[144]what need = why should.

[145]fear of = fear; be afraid of. 现在已不这么用。

[146]make assurance doubly sure：这是莎士比亚原剧第四幕第一场中经常被后世文人引用的名句。原剧中doubly 作 double。直译是：要使确定的事实加倍有保证。

[147]pale-hearted = cowardly.

[148]it = fear.

[149]comforted = encouraged. 古语。

[150]Birnam ['bə:nəm]：勃南。

[151]Dunsinane [dʌnsi'nein]：邓西嫩。

[152]bodements = predictions.

[153]unfi x = eradicate; pull up by the roots.

[154]earth-bound = firmly fixed in the earth.

[155]if Banquo’s issue = whether Banquo’s offspring.

[156]bore = carried.

[157]him = Macbeth.

[158]duty = respect; homage.

[159]intent = intention; purpose.

[160]set upon = make an attack upon.

[161]put … to the sword = killed.

[162]Such as could = Such as could fl ee.

[163]raised = mustered; gathered together; collected.

[164]their arms = army of Malcolm and Macduff. arms：原意是“武器”（尤指“枪

支”），此处指“军队”。

[165]take no active part：不积极参加。反之，例：He takes an active part in the management.他积极参加经营管理。

[166]its worst = the utmost evil that it could do.

[167]steel = sword; steel weapons as compared with fire-arms.

[168]levies = act of raising men for war.

[169]were acting：本为主动态动词，此处为were being acted 之意。正如 the house is being built 可改为 the house is building（= 房子正在建筑中）。

[170]bear = endure.

[171]without a soul = without any person.

[172]confide = communicate secretly.

[173]hollow = insincere. hollow compliment 虚伪的恭维。

[174]defi ed = defeated; offered great difficulties that could not be overcome.

[175]When：旧式用法，作 and then 解。

[176]averred = asserted positively.

[177]to his thinking = in his opinion.

[178]thou speakest：speakest = speak 的第二人称单数现在式。

[179]thou shalt hang alive = I will have you hang alive.

[180]next = nearest.

[181]end：动词。第三人称单数现在式动词后面本来应加 s，此处为虚拟语气，故不加 s。

[182]care not = do not mind.

[183]by = towards. 例：do one’s duty by one’s parents 对父母尽孝。

[184]faint = grow weak.

[185]resolution = firmness of purpose.

[186]equivocal = of double meaning.

[187]avouches = asserts positively.

[188]out = go out.

[189]There is no flying = It is impossible to fl y.

[190]hence = from here.

[191]like = after the manner of; in the manner characteristic of.

[192]to hew down every one a bough：every one是名词，作状语用，修饰 hew down。

[193]bear = carry.

[194]by way of = as a means of.

[195]host = army. 古语。

[196]brought to pass = realized.

[197]that = the sense.

[198]skirmishing = fighting between small bodies of troops.

[199]took place = occured.

[200]party = side.

[201]opposed = hostile.

[202]where = the place where.

[203]counselled = advised.

[204]would have turned = wished to turn.

[205]opposed = hindered.

[206]ensued = followed.

[207]foul = disgustingly abusive.

[208]charged = burdened.

[209]would still have declined = still wished to decline. decline = refuse.

[210]hell-hound = fi endish person.

[211]Thou losest thy labour = You exert yourself in vain.losest：lose 的第二人称单数现在式。

[212]As easily thou mayest … vulnerable. = Thou mayest impress the air with thy sword, as easily as thou mayest make me vulnerable. impress = produce a mark

by pressure.

[213]charmed = protected by magic.

[214]yield to = submit to; be destroyed by.

[215]Despair = Despair of; Give up hope of. 不及物动词 despair 后不加 of是过去的用法。现代英语中一般均加 of。例：He began to despair of success. 他开始对成功丧失信心。

[216]manner = kind.

[217]was untimely taken from his mother：指经剖腹手术（Caesarean operation）生下来的。untimely = before the natural time.

[218]Accursed [ə'kə:sid] be the tongue：be 是命令语气。

[219]give way = fall down.

[220]equivocation [i'kwivə'keiʃən]= ambiguity of meaning in words.

[221]juggling = cheating; deceiving.

[222]scornful = contemptuous.

[223]have a show of：现在一般作 make a show of（= expose to public contempt）。

[224]a painted board：前文

have 的宾语。

[225]kiss the ground = lick the ground; surrender. 例：lick the dust 屈服。

[226]baited = tormented. 此词来源于莎士比亚时代流行的一种马戏（Bearbaiting），挑唆狗扑向拴着的熊。

[227]rabble = mob.

[228]and thou opposed to me = and though thou be opposed to me. opposed to me = oppose oneself to me.

[229]made a present of it = presented it.

[230]machinations ['mæki'neiʃənz]= evil designs; plots.

[231]deprived of：前文中的which 是 of 的宾语。

[232]acclamations = shouts of welcome, or applause.