Dear friends of sanlianzhongdu，

亲爱的三联中读的朋友们，

My name is Sabine Haag，I’m working for the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. I’m the general director, and i’m responsible for three museums which is the Kunsthistorisches Museum,  the Ethnographic Museum, and the theater museum in Vienna.

我叫萨宾娜·哈格，在维也纳艺术史博物馆工作，担任馆长一职。我同时负责管理三个馆，分别是维也纳艺术史博物馆、民族博物馆以及戏剧博物馆。

维也纳艺术史博物馆

the Kunsthistorisches Museum holds the form imperial collections of the Habsburg family, which were collected over 650 years of time. the Habsburg family collected everything that was of the  most importance of European collections.these were coins and medals, this was the early beginning of the collections. then they also started collecting Kunstkammer-objects, paintings, musical instruments, arms armor，carriages, and many many other things.everything that made up for the imperial wealth of the imperial richness.and it was collected by the Habsburg family and handed over from generation to generation.

维也纳艺术史博物馆继承了原先哈布斯堡家族650多年来的皇家收藏。哈布斯堡家族收集了当时欧洲收藏最重要的部分，钱币和纪念章，这是他们最早期收藏的开始。接下来他们开始收集Kunstkammer（艺术馆）藏品，油画，乐器，武器，盔甲，马车以及很多其他的东西。这些都组成了帝国的财富。这些来自哈布斯堡家族的收藏，被一代一代传了下去。

the Habsburg family was one of the most important dynasties in Europe, starting in the 13th century, when the founding of the dynasty became very important. they started out in the central part of Europe, then the empire started growing.with the marriage of  Maximilian the first with the princess from Burgundy, this really started the rise of the Habsburg family as one of the most important European dynasties, and this continue to be so until the downfall of the monarchy in 1918 after the first world war.

哈布斯堡家族是欧洲最重要的一个王朝之一，从13世纪开始，王朝的建立变得至关重要。他们从欧洲的中心开始，慢慢地帝国开始扩张。在马克西米利安一世迎娶了勃艮第公主之后，哈布斯堡家族逐渐变成了欧洲最重要的王朝之一，一直持续到一战后的1918年帝制取消。

the Habsburgs were also starting with Maximilian the first, they became the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire,the largest empire in Europe, the boundaries of which were constantly growing but also changing.but it was the most important empire in Europe，many different languages were spoken in this holy roman empire.and it was really the one that a kind of Europe shaped the policies of the Europe, and was the most important dynasty until the end of world war I.

哈布斯堡王朝最早从马克西米利安一世开始，成为了当时的欧洲第一大帝国神圣罗马帝国的帝王，虽然帝国的疆域不断扩大、改变，但作为欧洲第一大帝国，很多种不同语言在这个神圣罗马帝国中被使用，它也确实是欧洲版图的其中一个形式，影响了欧洲的政策。它到一战之前一直都是非常重要的王朝。

MAXIMILIAN I 丢勒的《马克西米利安一世的肖像》

Before the Kunsthistorisches Museum was built, all of the artworks and the collections were dispersed all over several residences.Francis Joseph I, the emperor of the  Habsburg starting from  1848 had the idea of building one museum to house all the treasures under one roof. and this was really the birth situation of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. it took 20 years to build the museum  together with its counter part, the natural museum.

在维也纳艺术史博物馆建立之前，所有的艺术品和收藏被分散在好几个地方。1848年，弗兰茨·约瑟夫一世开始担任哈布斯堡王朝皇帝，他有一个想法，希望能建立一座博物馆把所有这些的收藏珍宝都集合到一个屋檐下，这就是维也纳艺术史博物馆最早产生的背景。此后花了20年的时间，才建造成这座博物馆，以及包括对面的自然博物馆。

 the Kunsthistorisches Museum was opened on 17th october in 1891, and it was one of the most famous buildings along theRingstraße, in German we say Gesamtkunstwerk. it’s a unity of the artworks, architecture, interior decoration and the collections， forming entity, forming a dialogue , a permanent dialogue. the best architects, the best interior decorator, the painters ，architects were employed to built and to design the museum.and today also the paintings  by Gustav Klimt probably are also the most important and most well known parts of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. today the most important collections of the  Kunsthistorisches Museum are still on display  in this very building and attracts about 1.5 million visitors a year.

维也纳艺术史博物馆在1891年10月17日正式开放，成为了Ringstraße（林街）上最著名的建筑之一，在德语里我们称为Gesamtkunstwerk（综合艺术作品）。这是一个艺术品、建筑、室内装饰艺术的集合，收藏形成了一个整体，构成了一种对话，永恒的对话。最好的建筑师，最好的室内装饰师，画家和建筑家被雇佣来建造和设计这座博物馆。直到今天，维也纳艺术史博物馆里画家古斯塔夫•克里姆特的画作，依然是最重要、最被人知晓的一部分。现在，维也纳艺术史博物馆里最重要的收藏品依然在这座伟大的建筑空间里展出，并且每年吸引了150万参观者前来参观。

Dame mit lila Schal 古斯塔夫•克里姆特

when our  visitors come to visit  Kunsthistorisches Museum they come for various reasons.all of the collections show parts of the most important art pieces in the world. when our visitors visit for example the collections of  Greek and Roman antiquities, they come to see the Gemma Augustea  which is one of the most important cameos of the world showing the coronations of emperor Augustus in the roman empire. then they go on and move on to see the Kunstkammer-collections which is the most important collections of its kind in the world, the icon of it is probably the so called Saliera ,  the sort of pepper vessel made by the Benvenuto cellini, it is the most important gold and enamels work， and it was used by commission by the french king.

当然，人们有各种原因来到维也纳艺术史博物馆参观。我们有全世界非常重要的收藏展示。比如当我们的参观者来看希腊罗马时期的文物，他们会去看《奥古斯都宝石浮雕》，这是一件世界上非常重要的宝石浮雕，展示了当时罗马帝王奥古斯都的加冕礼。然后他们继续转去看Kunstkammer（艺术馆）收藏，这在世界上也是非常重要的收藏门类，最著名的是一件叫做《盐罐》的作品，由意大利雕塑家本韦努托·切利尼制作的一种胡椒罐子，这是非常重要的一件黄金和珐琅作品，曾由法国国王委任制作、使用。

when our visitors then go on to visit paintings gallery, it’s difficult to decide which way to go first, where to visit the most important collections of 12 originals by peter bruegel the elder,  or whether you want to see one of the largest collections by Peter Paul Rubens or by Rembrandt, but also we have the most famous portrait of the emperor Maximilian I by Albrecht Dürer. we have the only  surviving  paintings in Austria by young Vermeer.the art of painting.  and then  of course the  coins and medals with the alchemist’s medallion, it is very important to visit. only if you go and  see the Kunsthistorisches Museum in its main building, but as i said there were many other locations of the Kunsthistorisches Museum which are also worth well visiting.

当我们的参观者继续去到油画展厅，对于先从哪里看起非常难以抉择，是去参观来自于画家老彼得勃鲁盖尔的12幅最重要的原作呢，还是你可能也会想看画家鲁本斯或伦勃朗的大型作品。此外，我们还有来自于阿尔布赖特·丢勒的最著名的作品《马克西米利安一世的肖像》。我们还有年少的维米尔在奥地利唯一幸存的画作。除此之外，当然还有钱币和纪念章，都是非常值得去参观的。这些只有在维也纳艺术史博物馆主馆中才能看到。不过，就像我刚说的，维也纳艺术史博物馆还有很多其他的地方也非常值得参观。

BETHLEHEMITISCHER KINDERMORD 老彼得勃鲁盖尔

【三件镇馆之宝】

it’s very difficult to name three of the most important objects of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, but let me try.

对我来说，要挑出维也纳艺术史博物馆三件非常重要的艺术作品来说有点难，但是我试一下。

第一件镇馆之宝：《佛朗西斯一世的盐罐》 

certainly the icon of the Kunstkammer-collection is so called the Saliera by Benvenuto Cellini. it was created in paris between 1540-1543 for the french king,  Frances I, and it’s a piece of a goldsmith’s work and it was a commission for french king Frances I, showing Neptune and Tellus sitting opposite of each other, one is presenting  salt, the other one is presenting the pepper, and of course it is much more than just presenting those minerals.It’s really an representation of the causing of the world and of course the Frances I, the commissioner should be presented as the head of it all.It’s the only surviving goldsmith work of Benvenuto Cellini who was the most important goldsmith of the Mannerist era.

当然，在Kunstkammer（艺术馆）收藏中，最有代表性的是意大利雕塑家本韦努托·切利尼制作的《盐罐》。这是 1540-1543期间，他在巴黎为法国国王佛朗西斯一世而设计的。这是一个金匠的作品，被佛朗西斯一世委托所作，展示了海神尼普顿和泰勒斯在两个不同的方向对坐着，一个指向盐，另一个指向胡椒，当然这件作品的价值不止是用来展示这些矿物质。它实际上代表了世界的起因，当然还有弗朗西斯一世，这位长官应该成为代表这一切的头领。这是金匠作本韦努托·切利尼制作的唯一存世的品，他是风格主义时代最重要的金匠。

第二件镇馆之宝：《通天塔/巴别塔》

《通天塔/巴别塔》

if we think about the most important work of the paintings collection, i would suggest  the Pieter Bruegel the Elder,The Tower of Bable which is one of  twelve panels by this very important painter of the middle 16th century. Pieter Bruegel the Elder was one of the main protagonist of painting in this era. and he was a very learned man, he traveled to italy  but he worked in Brussels.and he was painting not only the life of the peasents  as was a thought for many times.but he was also interpreting the scripts.and if we talk about the Tower of the Bable, which  is probably  his most  important composition.he talks about the ambition of man to become even more important than God, but he also shows what happens if languages are mixed ,if people don’t communicate ,if people don’t work together, if they don’t understand each other, everything is doomed to fail.the human hybrids is communicated with this painting which is painted on wood of very fine wooden panel.

在油画收藏中，如果要介绍一件非常重要的作品，我会推荐16世纪中叶非常重要的一位画家老彼得伯鲁盖尔的《通天塔/巴别塔》，由12张木版构成的一副作品。老彼得勃鲁盖尔是那个时期绘画的主要领导者。他是一个非常博学的人，他去意大利旅行，但是他在布鲁塞尔工作。他的画作不仅是描绘了农民的生活，也作为很多时期的一个思想存在。同时他也在解释手稿。如果我们现在讨论《通天塔/巴别塔》这幅作品，基本上是他最重要的作品。他展示了人类的野心，想要变得比上帝更更重要，但同时他也展现了，当人们的语言变得混乱的时候会发生什么。如果人们不交流，不协同工作，如果他们没有办法彼此了解，所有的一切都会注定崩塌。这幅被绘制在精良木版之上的作品，探讨了人类的混杂性。

 第三件镇馆之宝：《奥古斯都宝石浮雕》Gemma Augustea

thirdly i would like to point out is the so called Gemma Augustea which is probably the highlight of the greek and roman collections, it’s a cameos which is one of the largest cameos worldwide. it was produced under Augustus, and it shows the coronation of Augustus. it’s a very very fine relief carved into the hard stone of satonics  which is a one of the most important stones that was  tackled in the antique times.the relief is very fine and on the upper of storyline ，it tells the carination of Augustus， and on the lower part it choose the imperial ego, which of course connects with the imperial emblen , but also shows the hight develop skills and technic of the antique stone carves of  tradition. and that it  was later on handed to other generations of artists.the piece came into the collections via Rudolf II who was be  lover of the arts but also be lover of stone carving.and so it was just natural that he wanted to buy the most important cameos that was still extend of ancient times.

第三件作品我想要介绍的是一件叫做《奥古斯都宝石浮雕》的作品。这件作品可以说是希腊罗马文物中的精彩之作。这是一件浮雕宝石作品，也是全世界最大的一件。这件作品创作于奥古斯都时期，刻画了帝王奥古斯都的加冕礼。精良的浅浮雕刻在一块坚硬的satonics石头之上，这是一块发掘于古代的非常重要的宝石。浮雕非常精美，上半部分的故事情节描绘了奥古斯都的加冕礼，下半部分则展示了帝国的自我意识。这当然与帝国的形象有关,同时，也展示了非常高超的传统宝石雕刻技艺。此后这块作品被传到了下一代艺术家手里。这件作品成为维也纳艺术史博物馆的收藏，是通过皇帝鲁道夫二世之手，他是艺术品的爱好者，更是宝石雕刻艺术品的爱好者。所以自然地，他想买这件非常重要的浮雕作品，作为古老的延续。

在博物馆里，最感动的一件事

probably the most emotional part of my directorship in the Kunsthistorisches Museum was when the Saliera that  i was talking about the piece by Benvenuto Cellini， after it was stolen, came back two years later. the thief has stolen the piece we still do not really know how he did it.but it was really a trauma big nightmare for the museum and director general Beck then was  not in Vienna when it was stolen he also was not back in Vienna. when it came back, so I was called to the museum and i had to authenticate the piece ,i had to unpack and i had to give it back to the collection.and you can imagine how emotional this was. and when we reopen the Kunstkammer-collections in 2013,it was my most eminent, and most emotional moment when i put back the Saliera into its showcase to give it a safe home. and ever since then it has been visited and adored  by many many visitors and i’ve been very proud of this.

在我担任维也纳艺术史博物馆馆长期间，可能最感动的一件事情是，就是我之前提到的那件由意大利雕塑家本韦努托·切利尼制作的《盐罐》作品，它曾经一度被偷，但是两年后又重新回来了。我们依然想不通，偷盗贼是如何偷走了这件作品。但是这对博物馆来说，确实是一个非常大的噩梦，那个时候博物馆的馆长Beck那时候还不在维也纳，这件作品被偷时馆长也还没有回来。当这件作品被送回来的时候，我被叫到博物馆里去进行鉴定，我得去打开它，并且放回到原来的收藏之中。你可以想象，这是多么感动的一件事。当我们在2013年重新开放Kunstkammer（艺术馆）收藏，当我重新把《盐罐》这件作品放回到它的展示柜里，让它重新回到安全的地方，这是我非常难忘、感动的时刻。从那以后，这件作品继续被无数的参观者所欣赏、喜爱，这让我感到非常骄傲。

为什么我们需要博物馆？

museums are really the safe guards, the keepers of the collections， of a museum. those collections they tell us so much about the history, about the DNAs, so to see of our present times. artworks were collected to show the artistic value but also show the topics that artists and also collectors and societies are dealing several moments in time.

博物馆为收藏品提供了真正安全的保护，一个保存之地。这些艺术品收藏给我们讲述了太多的历史，内含的基因，让我们得以反观当下的生活。艺术品被收集起来，不仅展示了艺术价值，而且还展示了在一些特定的时刻艺术家、收藏家和社会关心的话题。

nowadays, it’s our most eminent effort and our most eminent importance to connect with the audiences to tell them much about the artworks, to tell them why they are so important, which stories they are telling, in which ways they are connected in history and certain moment of time, but also to show us and explain to us and audiences why this important to still keep them and to open them up for the audiences and for future generations.the artworks are really the moment to tell us about the important questions of humanity, of religions, of history, of artistic theories, and i think this is why it is so important to show them to the world.

如今，这也是我们非常重要的任务和使命，让艺术品与观众产生联结，告诉更多艺术品的故事，为什么他们如此重要，他们讲述了什么样的故事，他们通过何种方式与某些特定的历史时刻相联系。此外，也像观众展示并解释为什么现在保护他们仍然如此重要，并且把他们开放给观众和下一代。艺术作品真正地告诉我们有关于人性的重要命题，有关宗教，有关历史，有关艺术理论，我觉得这也是为什么把这些展示给世人是如此重要。